Coastal Erosion Evolution Characteristics and Comprehensive Prevention and Control Countermeasures of the <scp>S</scp> handong <scp>P</scp> eninsula

ABSTRACT The coastline of the Shandong Peninsula is 3121 km long, encompassing various coastal types such as silty‐muddy, sandy, and bedrock coasts. Based on long‐term remote sensing monitoring data from 1984 to 2018 and detailed field monitoring data of typical coastal sections from 2015 to 2024, this paper systematically analyses the dynamic change characteristics of the Shandong Peninsula coastline. The results show that the total length of the continental coastline of Shandong Province increased by 829.35 km from 1984 to 2018, the proportion of artificial coastline rose to 72.03%, and the sandy coastline decreased by 47.17%. The coastal section of the Shell Bank Island in Binzhou is dominated by natural factors, showing characteristics of “natural control, long‐term continuity, and intensified erosion and down cutting”. The average erosion rate from 2016 to 2024 was 4.5 m/a. The Jiulong Bay coastal section in Weihai is dominated by human activities, showing characteristics of “human dominance, phased fluctuation, and rapid stabilisation after restoration”, with a significantly weakened erosion trend after restoration. Naturally, the sharp decline in sediment discharge from the Yellow River, sea level rise, and frequent extreme weather constitute the fundamental driving forces. Anthropologically, the expansion of artificial coastlines, beach sand mining, and unreasonable engineering construction have significantly accelerated erosion. It is recommended to implement classified prevention and control for different coastal types and promote the shift from passive protection to proactive adaptation and systematic management.