Evidence-Based Use of Undenatured Type II Collagen in the Management of Osteoarthritis in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia: A Narrative Review and an Expert Opinion

Osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, causing pain, reduced mobility, and disability. Genetic, lifestyle, and comorbidity factors contribute to earlier onset and more severe disease than in Western populations. Conventional therapies mainly provide symptomatic relief and are limited by adverse effects, underscoring the need for safe, effective adjuncts. Nutraceuticals, particularly undenatured type II collagen, have emerged as promising options. An evidence-based analysis showed that undenatured type II collagen (40 mg/day) improves pain, stiffness, function, and quality of life in early-to-moderate OA (Grades 1-3), with benefits observed within eight weeks, improved compliance, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-sparing effects. Comparative evidence favors UC-II® (Lonza Greenwood LLC, USA) over other sources, highlighting the importance of product selection. Expert consensus recommends undenatured type II collagen as a nutraceutical adjunct with physiotherapy for long-term use in responders. Future research should include larger trials, biomarker studies, MRI imaging, and real-world data to confirm disease-modifying potential.