Living in Two Worlds and Not Belonging Anywhere. Immigrants as Non‐Citizens

ABSTRACT Citizenship means to be a member of a community, the “in‐group,” whereas immigrants are the “out‐group.” They are frequently racialized, and dehumanized that makes them to be feared, marginalized, and a source of projection and paranoia in the U.S. In this paper I will unpack the comparison between the treatment of immigrants and a virus; the lack of sensitive response from authorities to the plight of immigrants, belonging and not belonging, not having a safe place to live, and the significance of citizenship for this unwanted community.

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Publication Details

Journal
International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies
Published
2026-05-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/aps.70046
Primary Topic
Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Living in Two Worlds and Not Belonging Anywhere. Immigrants as Non‐Citizens

Ruth Lijtmaer
International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies
Migration, Refugees, and Integration
article

Living in Two Worlds and Not Belonging Anywhere. Immigrants as Non‐Citizens

Ruth Lijtmaer
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Citizenship means to be a member of a community, the “in‐group,” whereas immigrants are the “out‐group.” They are frequently racialized, and dehumanized that makes them to be feared, marginalized, and a source of projection and paranoia in the U.S. In this paper I will unpack the comparison between the treatment of immigrants and a virus; the lack of sensitive response from authorities to the plight of immigrants, belonging and not belonging, not having a safe place to live, and the significance of citizenship for this unwanted community.

International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic StudiesVol. 23(2)
San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis (US)
Reduced inequalities
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Migration, Refugees, and Integration
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