Beyond Malpractice: Gynecological Violence, a New Concept to Confront an Old Problem

Abstract This paper proposes the concept of gynecological violence as a necessary expansion of obstetric violence to encompass a broader range of experiences and affected groups. While obstetric violence primarily focuses on pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum, gynecological violence includes healthcare experiences throughout the entire life cycle of individuals assigned female at birth, beyond maternity. The concept aims to highlight physical, psychological, or sexual abuses in medical settings that undermine bodily autonomy and reproductive rights. A review of evidence from feminist research and public health is conducted to provide an integrated perspective. It is argued that gynecological violence should be understood within the broader context of the hegemonic medical system, where gender biases and unequal power relations between healthcare providers and patients persist. This proposal seeks to expand the conceptual framework to enable critical analysis and inform public policies aimed at preventing such violence, ensuring respectful gynecological care that is free from discrimination and centered on human rights.