Pharmacogenomics and Immunotherapy

Pharmacogenomics is not utilized to its fullest capacity in clinical settings. The field is not expounded on by clinicians. Its lack of integration is a missed opportunity to improve patient outcomes. This gap is also evident in immunotherapy. There is no standardized pre-treatment screening protocol to identify which patients are most vulnerable before the first dose is administered. This is a systematic immune crisis that requires the use of pharmacogenomics to prevent it. PGx can be applied to predict severe immune-related adverse events before treatment begins by creating a pre-treatment immunotherapy toxicity predictor through three distinct pathways: HLA haplotypes, cytokine polymorphisms, and the gut microbiome. If this framework can be implemented into clinical settings, it has the possibility of minimizing deaths. There is a demand for the implementation of minority ancestral data in PGx databases. A clinical trial for this framework must be diverse before the first dose is administered.