A Semi-Analytical Legendre–Ritz Method to Dynamically Analyze a Stepped Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shell

This study introduces the dynamic characteristics of stepped functionally graded (FG) cylindrical shells under general boundary conditions using the Legendre–Ritz method. The calculated model is established based on the first-order shear deformation theory and the domain decomposition method, and the artificial spring is introduced to simulate the boundary conditions and ensure segment continuity. The Legendre polynomials and the Fourier series are used to form the admissible displacement function. The Rayleigh–Ritz method is employed to determine the free and forced vibration characteristics of stepped FG cylindrical shells. Results are presented for various boundary conditions, material parameters and geometric dimensions, and comparisons with published studies are performed. The method demonstrates good accuracy, providing a basis for analyzing the vibration behavior of stepped FG cylindrical shells.