A comprehensive transcriptomic dataset of Sorghum bicolor seedlings under abiotic stress conditions

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a C₄ cereal crop, is the fifth most widely cultivated cereal globally and is cultivated in over 100 countries for food, fodder, and biofuel production. Its exceptional resilience to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, heat, and cold makes it a valuable model for crop adaptability research under climate change. Here, we present a comprehensive, time-resolved RNA-seq dataset from sorghum seedlings (cultivar Hwanggeumchal) subjected to salt, PEG-induced drought, heat, cold, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Leaf tissue was sampled at 6, 12, and 24 hours post-treatment across three biological replicates, yielding 54 strand-specific libraries sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq. 6000 platform. The dataset includes raw sequencing reads deposited in the NCBI SRA, together with processed data comprising differential gene expression profiles, Gene Ontology enrichment analyses, and a gene co-expression network, all hosted on Figshare. This resource is intended to facilitate comparative transcriptomic studies and functional gene discovery related to abiotic stress responses in sorghum and other cereal crops.