The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Agricultural Supply Chain Resilience: Evidence from Agricultural Listed Firms

Increasing external uncertainty, supply disruptions, and market volatility have made resilience enhancement increasingly important for sustainable agricultural supply chains. While existing studies mainly examine agricultural supply chain resilience from macro or operational perspectives, limited attention has been paid to how firms’ strategic AI investment reshapes organizational resilience under external shocks. Using panel data on Chinese agricultural-related listed firms from 2010 to 2024, this study examines whether and how strategic AI investment enhances supply chain resilience. Empirical results show that strategic AI investment significantly improves both dimensions of supply chain resilience, namely resistance capacity and recovery capacity. Mechanism analyses indicate that this effect mainly operates through supply diversification, technological innovation, and information transparency. Further analyses reveal heterogeneous effects across supply chain positions, ownership structures, and regional digital development environments. In addition, compatibility analyses show that strategic AI investment not only strengthens supply chain resilience but also improves operational efficiency, R&D investment intensity, and financial stability. Overall, this study highlights strategic AI investment as an important organizational capability for strengthening agricultural supply chain resilience under increasing external uncertainty.