Mechanisms of pruritus and advances in traditional Chinese medicine therapy (Review)

Pruritus is a multifaceted and complicated symptom with an increasing global incidence as a result of increased environmental stressors and aging populations, making it a notable public health concern. Although research has investigated the multifaceted pathophysiological causes of pruritus, the entire range of pathophysiological processes is currently unknown. Furthermore, contemporary Western medicines continue to have drawbacks, including low efficacy and marked side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), on the other hand, exhibits notable therapeutic potential in the treatment of pruritus due to its systemic regulatory benefits via multicomponent, multitarget and multichannel processes. The present review outlines the current understanding of the pathogenesis of pruritus and summarizes contemporary therapeutic approaches established in TCM, with a focus on summarizing the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of active constituents found in single‑agent treatment herbal remedies and compound formulations. The aim of the present review is to provide a theoretical foundation and strategic advice for the development and clinical translation of novel TCM medications with extensive regulatory functions.