Environmental, Social, and Governance Controversies and Board Diversity: What Impact on Corporate Social Responsibility Performance in the French Context?

ABSTRACT This study examines the determinants of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in France. Despite the growing interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR), the effects of corporate governance and ESG controversies on CSR performance remain insufficiently explored. The study focuses on a sample of non‐financial French listed companies over the period 2011–2022 and employs various robust statistical methods to test the research hypotheses. The results highlight the role of independent directors and gender diversity in improving ESG performance. They also indicate that ESG controversies motivate managers to engage more actively in CSR practices and improve ESG reporting. This study contributes to the field of CSR and offers valuable insights for policymakers and managers involved in sustainable development. It encourages companies to strengthen their ESG practices and disclose more about their social and environmental impacts as part of their commitment to sustainable development.