Taxonomic Characterization of Algal Communities in a Freshwater Dam Reservoir

ABSTRACT This study presents an eco‐taxonomic and hydrochemical assessment of algal communities in Palai Dam, Charsadda, Pakistan. Samples collected from three sites between September and November 2025 were analyzed to evaluate species diversity and its relationship with physicochemical and bacteriological parameters. A total of 34 algal species were identified across three phyla: Chlorophyta (28 species), Bacillariophyta (3), and Cyanoprokaryota (3), with Chlorophyta dominating, indicating favorable conditions such as adequate light and moderate nutrient levels. The presence of Oscillatoria spp. suggests localized nutrient enrichment, while low diatom diversity reflects habitat‐specific limitations. Physicochemical parameters, including pH (7.41–7.88), total dissolved solids (390–396 mg/L), and other ions, remained within acceptable limits, indicating overall water quality stability despite some spatial variability. Bacteriological analysis showed elevated total plate counts at one site but no coliform contamination, suggesting the absence of recent fecal pollution. Overall, the findings indicate that Palai Dam is a stable freshwater system with diverse algal communities. The coexistence of sensitive and tolerant taxa highlights ecological balance and supports the use of algae as reliable bioindicators for water quality monitoring.