Polypyrrole-Integrated Lanthanum Ferrite Electrochemical Platform for Sensitive Detection of Tinidazole
In the present research, lanthanum ferrite nanoparticles (LaFeO3 NPs) and lanthanum ferrite polypyrrole (LaFeO3/PPy) nanocomposites were synthesized and evaluated for electrochemical sensing of TNZ in biological and pharmaceutical samples. LaFeO3 NPs were synthesized using the sol–gel auto-combustion method, whereas LaFeO3/PPy nanocomposites were produced through an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization process. The obtained materials were subjected to comprehensive characterization by multiple analytical techniques, including XRD, which confirms an orthorhombic crystal structure; SEM micrographs of LaFeO3 NPs and LaFeO3/PPy nanocomposites exhibit a highly agglomerated structure with non-uniform particle distribution and a more homogeneous, smoother surface morphology, respectively, with an average size of <70 nm. The LaFeO3/PPy nanocomposites exhibited an electron-transfer process governed by diffusion, as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the sensor achieved quantitative detection across a linear concertation range of 0.1–230 µM (R2 = 0.997), with a detection limit (0.023 µM). The developed sensor demonstrated excellent stability, remarkable sensitivity, and high reproducibility, confirming reliability and suitability (RSD% < 4.0) for the quantitative determination of TNZ in both biological and pharmaceutical matrices.
Authors
- S. Gokhan Elci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-6083)
- Hassan Imran Afridi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-5438)
- Khalil Akhtar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-3346)
- Faisal K. Algethami (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4280-1538)
- Shakoor Ahmed Solangi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-4093)
- Jameel Ahmed Baig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4338-9103)
- Latif Ullah Khan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3535-7099)
- Imam Bakhsh Solangi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-188X)
- Mohamed N. Goda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5745-3631)
- Sajjad Hussain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6145-0484)
Institutions
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar (PK)
- University of Sindh (PK)
- Dokuz Eylül University (TR)
- Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (SA)
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry (PK)
- Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (JO)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Catalysts
- Published
- 2026-05-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16060490
- Primary Topic
- Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00