Algae as a Sustainable Resource: Cultivation Methods and Applications: A Review

Algae are most diverse group of photosynthetic organisms on the planet, with an estimated different species present in the Earth ‘s water bodies and terrestrial environment. Since, high rate of biomass accumulation and low resource input requirements when compared to traditional terrestrial crops, driven largely by consumer demand for live food, feed, pharmaceutical, agricultural and environmental applications. Algae cultivation, which include open-system, closed-system and hybrid photobioreactors, and the range of practical downstream harvesting procedures, before summarizing a wide range of commercial applications such as solid and liquid Biofertilizers, Degradation and biosorption of coloured synthetic dyes from textile effluents, phytoremediation of organic waste streams, and base-market applications such as algae-derived yarns, biodegradable papers and natural colorants. as well as the role they play in carbon dioxide sequestration, nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewaters and the various pathways toward a circular bioeconomy. These reviews Include the needs for future research in the field of algae cultivation and utilization. Algae have great potential for solving many of the world ‘s technological, food security, environmental pollution, energy and climate change related problems.