Multi-component binder blends for eco-efficient high-strength concrete

One of the primary approaches for reducing global carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete production is the partial replacement of Portland cement (PC) with supplementary cementitious materials. In this context, an experimental study on the mix design and performance of high-strength concrete (HSC) incorporating ternary and quaternary binder blends was developed. Silica fume, metakaolin, rice husk ash and limestone filler were combined with PC in predetermined proportions, replacing up to 30% of cement volume. Mechanical and durability properties were quantified and microstructural analysis was performed. The environmental performance of mixtures was evaluated based on their global warming potential (GWP). The results indicated a systematic loss of workability at the highest levels of cement replacement (quaternary blends). At 28 days, only three of the ten mixtures showed notable decreases in mechanical strength relative to the reference concrete. At later ages (91 and 180 days), most ternary and quaternary concrete mixtures showed significant improvements in mechanical properties and durability, and a dense and compact microstructure was observed. From the environmental perspective, higher cement replacement levels enabled the production of concretes with lower GWP. Overall, the findings demonstrate the technical feasibility of employing ternary and quaternary binder blends for producing eco-efficient HSCs.