Pharmacological Investigation of the Active Fractions of Acacia crassicarpa Leaf Extract

Objective: This study explores the biological properties of Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth, a member of the Fabaceae family. Known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiarrheal effects, this plant may be beneficial in treating skin infections, diarrhea, wounds, and ulcers. In this study, fractions of ethanolic leaf extracts were analyzed for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and acute toxicity effects. Methods: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and acute toxicity evaluations were conducted in vivo. The analgesic activity was assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing method, while the anti-inflammatory effect was measured through the formaldehyde-induced paw edema method. Antipyretic activity was determined by monitoring changes in rectal temperature in mice. Acute oral toxicity was evaluated following the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines-423 (Fixed Dose Procedure). Results: In the analgesic test, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited inhibition rates of 35.63% and 45.97% at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively. In the anti-inflammatory test, inhibition rates were recorded at 43.83% for 250 mg/kg and 58.9% for 500 mg/kg, with the higher dose showing a more significant anti-inflammatory effect. The antipyretic test confirmed that both 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg doses demonstrated antipyretic properties. Acute toxicity assessments revealed no toxic effects at doses up to 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: The Acacia crassicarpa leaf extract demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects.