Understanding the healthcare services and social support needs of patients with end-stage kidney disease in Ghana

BACKGROUND: End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) is a significant health issue that poses various social and healthcare challenges. Patients with ESKD often struggle to access and utilize hemodialysis services, which are crucial for disease management. This study assessed the healthcare services and social support needs of patients with ESKD who were receiving or in need of hemodialysis at two teaching hospitals in Ghana. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 264 patients with ESKD from Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) and Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). Participants were selected using proportionate stratified and convenience sampling techniques. Eligible participants were adults (≥ 18 years) with ESKD who were receiving or in need of hemodialysis and could communicate in English, Akan, Dagbani, or Ga. Patients on peritoneal dialysis or with a history of kidney transplant were excluded. Participants completed structured questionnaires assessing their healthcare services and social support needs. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27. RESULTS: The study showed that most patients with ESKD (83.3%) faced significant financial challenges in accessing hemodialysis. Social support needs were evident, with 36.0% sometimes requiring financial assistance and 33.7% consistently needing help with daily chores. Healthcare access challenges were also widespread, with most participants skipping necessary care due to cost and experiencing difficulties related to travel distance. CONCLUSION: This study highlights critical challenges faced by patients with ESKD, particularly financial constraints and healthcare access issues, which impact treatment adherence and utilization. Addressing financial barriers and improving healthcare accessibility could enhance hemodialysis service utilization and overall patient outcomes.