Exploring the intersection of social class and technological change: a study of South African perceptions of industry 4.0

The relationship or nexus between technological change and inequality in Africa is complex and multifaceted, with both challenges and opportunities, and should therefore, be approached from a multi-faceted standpoint and conceptual grid. Popular discourse on the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) focuses on its antecedents and potential benefits whilst being cognisant of its harm. This article extends the debate by arguing that inequalities in power and influence can shape the priorities and outcomes of this technological development, leading to the emergence of technologies that serve the interests of dominant groups at the expense of marginalized ones. The study on which it is based critically examined advocacy for social impact as a crucial component of the sociological study of innovation. Using the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) that has a sample size of N=2736 respondents, the article investigates 4IR technologies, their potential impact on the job market, and attitudes towards their implementation. The modelling approach was based on a binary logistic regression model and bivariate testing of the associations between the variables. The results indicated that overall, South Africans hold a mix of positive and negative attitudes towards 4IR technologies, with a majority believing that they will have some positive, but mainly negative impacts on society, the economy, and the quality of life. However, significant differences in attitudes were found based on social class. These findings suggest that while 4IR technologies may hold promise for economic growth and innovation, attention should be paid to addressing the potential negative consequences, particularly among the marginalized in the lower social classes.