Resilient End–Edge–Cloud Collaboration for Control Continuity and Closed-Loop Alarm Management in Solar Greenhouse IoT Systems Under Degraded Network Conditions

Degraded network conditions and intermittent disconnections can impair solar greenhouse Internet of Things (IoT) systems by delaying cloud-to-field control, generating burst traffic after reconnection, and disrupting alarm feedback loops. This paper proposes a resilient end–edge–cloud collaborative framework for maintaining control continuity and closed-loop alarm reliability under unstable edge–cloud communication. The framework evaluates network quality using round-trip time, packet loss rate, and consecutive no-response duration, and combines hysteresis-based state switching, control leases, edge takeover, differential backfill, and locally persistent alarm-state synchronization. During disconnection, the edge gateway uses the latest valid configuration to execute fallback local control; after reconnection, high-priority events are uploaded first through a hierarchically rate-limited recovery strategy. In the scripted simulation experiments, the proposed method reduced peak backfill throughput from 2.16 ± 0.06 MB/s to 0.69 ± 0.01 MB/s, shortened high-priority event completion time from 17.3 ± 2.7 s to 2.0 ± 0.7 s, and increased the acknowledgment success rate at 20% packet loss from 76.5 ± 2.2% to 98.4 ± 0.8%. It also reduced the maximum temperature deviation during disconnection from 7.20 °C to 3.50 °C. These results suggest that the proposed framework can improve control continuity and alarm-loop completeness under the specified simulation settings. A supplementary trace-driven recovery evaluation using public 5G testbed measurements showed a similar qualitative trend. Broader validation with field-deployed greenhouse IoT platforms or hardware-in-the-loop testbeds is still needed.