J-shaped association between body roundness index and depression: A large-scale cross-sectional study

Depression is often linked to obesity. The body roundness index (BRI) offers a nuanced assessment of body fat distribution. This study investigates the BRI-depression relationship using NHANES data (2005-2018). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES adult participants. Depression was assessed using a standardized scoring system. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and health-related confounders. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were performed. A J-shaped relationship was identified between BRI and depression. Below BRI 3.21, each unit increase associated with 19% reduced depression risk (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.96, P = .0127). Above BRI 3.21, each unit increase associated with 6% greater depression risk (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08, P < .0001). Both low and high BRI values link to increased depression risk, emphasizing the importance of maintaining optimal BRI for mental health.