Food sustainability: A public health challenge and pathways for change

OBJECTIVES: Global food systems face increasing strain from population growth, climate change, and unsustainable agricultural practices. Food sustainability aims to provide safe, nutritious, and sufficient food for all while safeguarding environmental, social, and economic stability. The aim of this study was to examine food sustainability as a growing public health challenge and to analyse potential pathways for change through application of Beattie's health promotion model. STUDY DESIGN: Narrative analytical review. METHODS: A qualitative narrative review of international policy reports, peer reviewed literature, and public health frameworks was undertaken. Evidence relating to food systems, sustainability, and health promotion was critically analysed using Beattie's model to explore legislative, behavioural, and community-based interventions. RESULTS: Evidence indicates that current global food systems contribute to environmental degradation, food insecurity, and rising diet related disease burden. Policy fragmentation, unsustainable consumption patterns, and social inequalities represent key barriers. Application of Beattie's model highlights how combined top down policy measures and bottom up community actions can support sustainable transformation. CONCLUSION: Achieving food sustainability requires collaborative action across policy, individual, and community levels. Using Beattie's model within public health frameworks can guide more effective interventions to reduce waste, improve nutrition, and support sustainable development.