<p>Soil Microbial Responses to Climate Change: From Mechanisms to Mitigation Strategies</p>

The equilibrium of the soil microbiome is essential for maintaining soil health, as climatic changes in the ecosystem directly or indirectly impact agricultural productivity. These climate change factors, such as rising temperature, altering precipitation trends, elevated CO₂ levels, and high salinity in soil, interfere with the ecological system, affecting soil health, fertility, and microbial diversity. These factors substantially impact the growth, distribution, and reproduction of microbial communities. A wide range of studies investigating the effects of climate change on soil microbial populations has been systematically synthesized, with this review providing a critical analysis and summary of their principal findings. This literature evaluation included an analysis and summary of key findings from each of these investigations. This study examines the impacts of climate change on soil microbial diversity, with particular emphasis on the underlying ecological and biochemical processes. It further explores contemporary technological approaches aimed at enhancing soil microbiota and outlines key directions for future research. Additionally, the study reviews recent advancements in the field, including the application of genetically modified microorganisms, seed microbiome engineering, synthetic microbial communities (SynComs), and next-generation sequencing technologies. Additionally, it identified the research gaps, which have generated new opportunities to enhance plant health and their potential to resist biotic and abiotic stresses. This review aims to highlight microbial-based strategies to mitigate climate-induced stress and support sustainable land management. Sustainable management of soil microbes is crucial for establishing an adaptable agroecosystem. Future studies should be focused on integrative studies combining microbial ecology, advanced sequencing, and management strategies to predict ecosystem stability and microbial community dynamics.