A Coordination‐Regulated Anti‐Solvent‐Free Strategy by Sulfolane for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

ABSTRACT Anti‐solvent quenching has been widely adopted to fabricate high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, this strategy suffers from poor process tolerance and limited scalability, motivating the development of anti‐solvent‐free methods. Here, we report a coordination‐regulated anti‐solvent‐free strategy by introducing sulfolane as an additive into a 2‐methoxyethanol (2ME)‐based perovskite precursor. Owing to the weak coordination capability of 2ME toward Pb 2+ , conventional 2ME processing often leads to uncontrolled intermediate‐phase evolution and needle‐like morphology. However, the interaction between sulfolane and Pb effectively regulates the perovskite precursor environment, stabilizes the iodoplumbate coordination complex, particularly PbI 3 − ‐related species, and thereby modulates perovskite crystallization dynamics. In addition, the residual sulfolane is shown to passivate the defects and traps in the perovskite films. Consequently, the perovskite films exhibit compact and uniform morphology with enhanced grain packing and reduced pinholes. Our resulting champion device with sulfolane additive achieves significantly improved efficiency from 15.03% to 26.02%, with an open‐circuit voltage (V oc ) of 1.18 V. Moreover, the device with sulfolane additive maintains over 87% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h under N 2 atmosphere at 25°C. This work highlights the effectiveness of coordination engineering in enabling scalable and reproducible perovskite fabrication by an anti‐solvent‐free method.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Energy Materials
Published
2026-05-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.71113
Primary Topic
Perovskite Materials and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

A Coordination‐Regulated Anti‐Solvent‐Free Strategy by Sulfolane for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Jordan Glover, Qilin Dai, Paresh Chandra Ray, Amy Coronado et al.
Advanced Energy Materials
Perovskite Materials and Applications
article

A Coordination‐Regulated Anti‐Solvent‐Free Strategy by Sulfolane for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Jordan Glover, Qilin Dai, Paresh Chandra Ray, Amy Coronado, Saroj Upreti, Sancenia Johnson, Nihar R. Pradhan, Yifang Qi, Derek Patton, Xiaodan Gu
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Anti‐solvent quenching has been widely adopted to fabricate high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, this strategy suffers from poor process tolerance and limited scalability, motivating the development of anti‐solvent‐free methods. Here, we report a coordination‐regulated anti‐solvent‐free strategy by introducing sulfolane as an additive into a 2‐methoxyethanol (2ME)‐based perovskite precursor. Owing to the weak coordination capability of 2ME toward Pb 2+ , conventional 2ME processing often leads to uncontrolled intermediate‐phase evolution and needle‐like morphology. However, the interaction between sulfolane and Pb effectively regulates the perovskite precursor environment, stabilizes the iodoplumbate coordination complex, particularly PbI 3 − ‐related species, and thereby modulates perovskite crystallization dynamics. In addition, the residual sulfolane is shown to passivate the defects and traps in the perovskite films. Consequently, the perovskite films exhibit compact and uniform morphology with enhanced grain packing and reduced pinholes. Our resulting champion device with sulfolane additive achieves significantly improved efficiency from 15.03% to 26.02%, with an open‐circuit voltage (V oc ) of 1.18 V. Moreover, the device with sulfolane additive maintains over 87% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h under N 2 atmosphere at 25°C. This work highlights the effectiveness of coordination engineering in enabling scalable and reproducible perovskite fabrication by an anti‐solvent‐free method.

Advanced Energy Materials
University of Southern Mississippi (US), Jackson State University (US)
National Science Foundation
Openalex Percentile: Top 9%
Perovskite Materials and Applications
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