J-trust: a trustworthy and accountable governance scheme for Jiandu digital resources with fine-grained access control

Abstract Digitization supports the preservation and collaborative study of Jiandu, but dispersed ownership, frequent scholarly revisions, and sensitive data complicate secure sharing and accountable governance. We propose J-Trust, a blockchain-based governance framework that separates low-frequency rights confirmation from high-frequency academic collaboration through a main-side dual-chain architecture. The main chain anchors ownership, identities, and final states, while task-specific side chains process revisions and expert voting. A decentralized threshold SM2 scheme with distributed key generation, proactive share refresh, and a signer bitlist provides fault tolerance and traceable accountability. HIBE and CP-ABE enable hierarchical, fine-grained access control, while zero-knowledge proofs synchronize verified side-chain outcomes without exposing private discussions. Experiments on the DeepJiandu dataset show that J-Trust sustains 115–120 TPS with 20–24 ms latency. Ablation and scalability analyses further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed cryptographic and architectural components.