Governance Effectiveness, Implementation Quality, and Climate Resilience in Land Consolidation: The Roles of Production–Living–Ecological Spaces Reconstruction and Functional Supply–Demand Matching

ABSTRACT Land consolidation is increasingly expected to support not only land‐use efficiency but also territorial function adjustment and climate‐resilient rural development. However, prior research has rarely explained how governance conditions are translated into territorial and resilience outcomes within land consolidation processes. This study develops and tests a village‐level explanatory framework linking governance effectiveness, implementation quality, production–living–ecological spaces (PLES) reconstruction, functional supply–demand gap severity, and climate resilience in a county cluster of the Loess Plateau, China. Using survey measures and objective village‐level indicators from 360 villages, the study applies path‐based regression with HC3 robust standard errors, bootstrapped mediation analysis, and moderation testing. The results show that governance effectiveness significantly improves implementation quality, implementation quality strengthens PLES reconstruction and reduces functional supply–demand gaps, and both pathways contribute to climate resilience outcomes. Functional supply–demand gap severity also significantly mediates the relationship between implementation quality and climate resilience, while climate exposure weakens the positive effect of PLES reconstruction on resilience. These findings clarify a governance‐to‐outcome mechanism in climate‐resilient land consolidation.