Perioperative blood glucose and energy management in gestational diabetes mellitus: a survey of obstetric staff from selected regions in China

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy-related complication and has been associated with an increased risk of caesarean sections. By surveying obstetric healthcare professionals across Chinese tertiary hospitals, this study examined the current state of blood glucose and energy management during the perioperative period of women with GDM scheduled for caesarean section. The purpose of this study was to identify gaps in current clinical practice and provide evidence for the development of standardized strategies in clinical management. METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted from December 2024 to January 2025, where electronic questionnaires were distributed to obstetric healthcare professionals from 44 tertiary hospitals across 16 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the perceptions and current practices among obstetric healthcare professionals. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare reported practices and perceptions among obstetric healthcare professionals. RESULTS: A total of 819 questionnaires were distributed, and 779 valid questionnaires were returned, yielding a valid return rate of 95%. The respondents were from six regions, including South China, Southwest China, and East China, and 80.9% of participants were affiliated with Class A tertiary hospitals. Obstetric healthcare professionals with different educational backgrounds, disciplines, job titles, and years of obstetric experience reported varying perceptions. Reported practices also varied across disciplines, professional titles, and academic qualifications. CONCLUSIONS: Obstetric healthcare professionals from diverse backgrounds reported varying perceptions and practice preferences regarding perioperative management of caesarean section in women with GDM. It indicates potential issues, such as heterogeneity in self-reported practices and gaps in alignment with guideline recommendations. It may be considered to support improvements in overall care quality and coordination by strengthening clinical research, developing detailed clinical protocols, and providing targeted training.