Experiences of Māori veterinarians and veterinary nurses in the veterinary sector in Aotearoa New Zealand

AIMS: To explore, using a narrative approach, the experiences of Māori veterinarians and veterinary nurses in their journey into and within the veterinary sector in Aotearoa, New Zealand. METHODS: Seven veterinarians and six veterinary nurses who identify as Māori were interviewed using a snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews explored participants' haerenga (journey) into the sector, their experiences within the sector, and their perspectives on opportunities for improvement. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Participants were then invited to review and provide feedback on the emerging themes. RESULTS: Participants shared rich narratives about their pathways into the veterinary sector, their experiences in education, and their time working in the sector. This paper focuses on experiences within the veterinary sector and the opportunities for change identified by participants. Four key themes emerged, each with three sub-themes. The first theme highlighted the minimal presence and visibility of Māori in the sector. The second identified a lack of recognition of te ao Māori, including te reo Māori, tikanga, and Te Tiriti o Waitangi partnership. While some early signs of cultural inclusion were noted, participants saw significant opportunities for improvement across all levels of the sector. The third theme addressed experiences of racism, both direct and observed, within professional settings and interactions with clients. The final theme explored a disconnect between participants' personal values and those commonly practised in the sector. All of these themes can be viewed in the context of the socio-cultural climate that exists in Aotearoa New Zealand. CONCLUSION: This study reveals a lack of cultural safety for Māori in the veterinary workforce, marking a first in sector-specific research. Systemic barriers, under-representation, and undervaluing of Māori knowledge persist. Embedding Te Tiriti and supporting kaupapa Māori leadership are essential. Co-created models of care can improve outcomes for both animals and their human caretakers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings offer practical guidance for the veterinary sector to improve cultural safety and responsiveness. By increasing awareness of te ao Māori, integrating te reo Māori and tikanga, and embedding Te Tiriti o Waitangi into organisational practices, veterinary professionals and businesses can better serve Māori communities. These changes have the potential to improve client relationships, animal health outcomes, and staff retention - benefiting Māori and non-Māori alike.