Modern methods of mandibular contouring

Objective. To analyze modern approaches to mandibular contouring, their effectiveness, safety, and future perspectives considering development of osseous surgical techniques and digital surgical planning. Material and methods. We reviewed the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and RSCI databases covering publications between 2005 and 2025. Keywords in Russian and English were used. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and technical descriptions of surgical techniques were included. Primary screening revealed 1582 articles. After removal of duplicates and screening of titles and abstracts, 169 articles were selected for full-text evaluation. Ultimately, 45 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results. Minimally invasive methods such as dermal fillers and autologous fat grafting are widely used and demonstrate favorable safety profiles. However, their effects are temporary with mean duration of approximately 13 months. Alloplastic implants allow predictable augmentation but they are associated with risk of infection (up to 23.8%), implant migration and bone resorption. Osseous procedures, including sliding genioplasty and Chin-wing osteotomy, provide anatomical correction. Mean chin advancement after genioplasty is approximately 6.5 mm with soft-tissue response ratio of 77—91%. This ensures high predictability of aesthetic outcomes. Conclusion. Osseous surgical techniques remain the most effective option for moderate-to-severe mandibular contour deformities. Advances in three-dimensional virtual planning and patient-specific surgical guides significantly improve surgical accuracy and clinical outcomes.