New Approaches to the Conservation of Tibetan Books: A Case Study of Two Fragmented Buddhist Manuscripts of the Tucci Tibetan Collection

This study explores the challenges and ethical implications of conserving Tibetan Buddhist manuscripts preserved in Western collections, focusing on the tension between established Western conservation practices and the cultural, ritual, and sacred significance of Tibetan books. Drawing on the analysis and treatment of two fragmented Buddhist manuscripts from the Tucci Tibetan Collection at the “IsIAO Library” (National Central Library of Rome), the research adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines codicological study, material analysis, and conservation practice informed by Tibetan cultural knowledge. Tibetan manuscripts, produced with materials and techniques distinct from Western traditions, embody meanings that extend beyond their physical form, often rendering restoration a sensitive or even controversial act. The paper examines how evolving conservation principles, which emphasise prevention, minimal intervention, and cultural respect, can be reconciled with the need to ensure the long-term preservation of these fragile artefacts. Particular attention is given to the critical evaluation of past and current treatment methods and to the use of materials inspired by traditional Himalayan manufacture. By highlighting both the potential benefits and unresolved issues of culturally informed conservation strategies, this research aims to contribute to an ongoing dialogue on responsible and innovative approaches to the conservation of Tibetan manuscripts, while respecting their traditional production and safeguarding their historical integrity and spiritual value.