Role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in regulating gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis (Review)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction. As the disease progresses, joint deformity, loss of joint function and disability may occur, thereby seriously affecting the quality of life of patients, as well as their physical and mental health. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway serves a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses, cell survival and gene expression in RA. The present review aimed to summarize how PI3K/AKT modulates the expression of key genes involved in RA pathogenesis, including cytokines and non‑coding RNAs. In addition, the crosstalk between PI3K/AKT and other signaling pathways, as well as the potential therapeutic strategies currently available for RA, are discussed.