Enhancing Solar Panel Efficiency Using a Low-Cost Water Cooling System

This research investigates the improvement of photovoltaic (PV) solar panel efficiency using a low-cost water cooling system. High operating temperatures significantly reduce the electrical performance of solar panels, especially in hot climate regions such as Saudi Arabia. The proposed cooling system circulates water behind the photovoltaic panel to decrease thermal accumulation and enhance energy output. Experimental analysis demonstrated that the cooling system reduced panel temperature by approximately 12–18°C and increased electrical efficiency by nearly 14.5% during peak operating conditions. The study concludes that the proposed design is economical, environmentally friendly, and suitable for residential and industrial renewable energy applications.