Sudden Ventilatory Failure Caused by Mucus Plugging of the Endotracheal Tube in a Neonate With Congenital Pneumonia During Oral Surgery: A Case Report

Endotracheal tube (ETT) obstruction is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of general anesthesia, particularly in neonates with increased airway secretions. We report a case involving a 22-day-old neonate with congenital pneumonia who developed sudden ventilatory failure during oral surgery under general anesthesia. Abrupt increases in airway pressure and reduced tidal volume were observed, and suctioning was unsuccessful. ETT exchange immediately restored ventilation, and the removed tube was found to be obstructed by viscous mucus. This case highlights that acute ETT obstruction can occur unexpectedly, even shortly after intubation. Early recognition and prompt airway intervention are essential to prevent severe complications.