Halogen‐Rich Design Strategy: Rational Synthesis of High‐Performance Tetrahedron‐Based Chalcohalides for Advanced Infrared Optical Materials

ABSTRACT Based on the latest anisotropic structure building units with diverse chemical bonds (ABUCB) concept, tetrahedron‐based chalcohalides constructed from the heteroanionic [MCh 4‐x X x ] tetrahedra are expected to display superior nonlinear optical (NLO) performance relative to conventional single‐anion chalcogenides. However, reported chalcohalides indicate a pronounced bias toward chalcogen‐rich (Ch‐rich) compositions. Over 95% of known chalcohalides fall into the Ch‐rich regime, leaving the intrinsic advantages of halogen‐rich (X‐rich) structures largely untapped. We reveal that this gap is not due to structural instability, but rather a dual “synthetic trap” of thermodynamic factor and stoichiometric constraint. Guided with the X‐rich design strategy, we overcame these long‐standing key constraints and realizing the first X‐rich chalcohalides: A 4 Ga 4 Se 2 X 12 (X = Cl: 1, Rb; 2, Cs; X = Br: 7, Rb) together with novel A 4 M 4 Se 3 Cl 10 (M = Ga: 3, Rb ; 4, Cs; M = Al: 6, Rb), Cs 4 Ga 4 Se 4 Cl 8 ( 5 ) and Cs 3 Al 6 Se 10 Cl ( 8 ). The noncentrosymmetric 4 distinguishes itself among all NLO chalcohalides, exhibiting strong second‐harmonic generation response (4.27 ⨯ AgGaS 2 @ 1570 nm), wide band gap (4.05 eV), highest laser‐induced damage threshold (50 ⨯ AgGaS 2 ), phase‐matching compatible birefringence (0.066 @ 546 nm), and the broadest IR transparency window (0.26–25 µm).

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Journal
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Published
2026-05-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.1027667
Primary Topic
Crystal Structures and Properties
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article
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0.00

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article

Halogen‐Rich Design Strategy: Rational Synthesis of High‐Performance Tetrahedron‐Based Chalcohalides for Advanced Infrared Optical Materials

Cui-Er Deng, Rui‐Xi Wang, Wen‐Li Zhao, Ling Chen et al.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Crystal Structures and Properties
article

Halogen‐Rich Design Strategy: Rational Synthesis of High‐Performance Tetrahedron‐Based Chalcohalides for Advanced Infrared Optical Materials

Cui-Er Deng, Rui‐Xi Wang, Wen‐Li Zhao, Ling Chen, Shuang Zhao, Li‐Ming Wu
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Based on the latest anisotropic structure building units with diverse chemical bonds (ABUCB) concept, tetrahedron‐based chalcohalides constructed from the heteroanionic [MCh 4‐x X x ] tetrahedra are expected to display superior nonlinear optical (NLO) performance relative to conventional single‐anion chalcogenides. However, reported chalcohalides indicate a pronounced bias toward chalcogen‐rich (Ch‐rich) compositions. Over 95% of known chalcohalides fall into the Ch‐rich regime, leaving the intrinsic advantages of halogen‐rich (X‐rich) structures largely untapped. We reveal that this gap is not due to structural instability, but rather a dual “synthetic trap” of thermodynamic factor and stoichiometric constraint. Guided with the X‐rich design strategy, we overcame these long‐standing key constraints and realizing the first X‐rich chalcohalides: A 4 Ga 4 Se 2 X 12 (X = Cl: 1, Rb; 2, Cs; X = Br: 7, Rb) together with novel A 4 M 4 Se 3 Cl 10 (M = Ga: 3, Rb ; 4, Cs; M = Al: 6, Rb), Cs 4 Ga 4 Se 4 Cl 8 ( 5 ) and Cs 3 Al 6 Se 10 Cl ( 8 ). The noncentrosymmetric 4 distinguishes itself among all NLO chalcohalides, exhibiting strong second‐harmonic generation response (4.27 ⨯ AgGaS 2 @ 1570 nm), wide band gap (4.05 eV), highest laser‐induced damage threshold (50 ⨯ AgGaS 2 ), phase‐matching compatible birefringence (0.066 @ 546 nm), and the broadest IR transparency window (0.26–25 µm).

Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Beijing Normal University (CN), Wuhan Textile University (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Sustainable cities and communities
Openalex Percentile: Top 13%
Crystal Structures and Properties
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Halogen‐Rich Design Strategy: Rational Synthesis of High‐Performance Tetrahedron‐Based Chalcohalides for Advanced Infrared Optical Materials — Cui-Er Deng, Rui‐Xi Wang, et al. · Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS