The protective effects of BushenYiqi Decoction combined with tiotropium bromide on pathological changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway

models, BSYQ markedly reduced lung inflammation, alveolar damage, and airway remodeling. Mechanistically, BSYQ regulated the PI3K/Akt pathway to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Importantly, BSYQ plus TIMB synergistically enhanced efficacy. These findings suggest BSYQ, especially combined with TIMB, is a promising therapy for COPD.