Mobility-Aware Energy Efficient EE-LEACH Routing Using Genetic Algorithm for MANET-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

This work presents a Mobility-Aware Energy-Efficient EE-LEACH routing protocol optimized using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for MANET-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The proposed protocol improves cluster head selection by considering residual energy, node mobility, and communication distance to enhance network stability and reduce energy consumption. The system is implemented and evaluated using MATLAB simulations. Performance analysis is conducted using key metrics such as Alive Nodes, Residual Energy, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Routing Overhead Ratio (ROR), and Network Lifetime. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MAEE-LEACH protocol outperforms conventional LEACH and EE-LEACH protocols in terms of energy efficiency, routing reliability, and overall network lifetime. The proposed approach is suitable for dynamic wireless environments including IoT systems, disaster management, environmental monitoring, military communication, and smart sensing applications.