A multimodal ROS generation and bimodal ferroptosis and cuproptosis self-reinforced strategy for effective bone metastases therapy

Bone metastasis is a common complication in patients with advanced breast cancer, which can seriously damage the quality of life of patients and shorten their overall survival. About 70% of late patients will have bone metastasis, which often leads to serious bone-related events. In clinical practice, early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis are still major challenges. In this study, we have developed a new type of integrated nano diagnostic material (CuOx), which combines photoacoustic imaging (PAI) with multi-mode cancer treatment ability to accurately identify and effectively eliminate bone metastasis in the early stage. CuOx effectively induces oxidative stress by consuming antioxidants (GSH and Cys) and generating reactive oxygen substances through multiple pathways, including photodynamic therapy, peroxidase-like activity and Fenton-like reactions. This multifaceted method not only enhances the therapeutic effect by triggering self-reinforcing iron death and copper death mechanisms, but also provides accurate imaging through PAI. Experimental data from in vitro and in vivo studies show that CuOx can significantly inhibit the progress of bone metastasis and clearly show the location of the tumor, providing a new strategy for early diagnosis and treatment. In summary, as an innovative nano-diagnosis material integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions, CuOx provides a unified and effective method to overcome the difficulties of bone metastasis diagnosis and treatment.