An Integrated Analytical Framework for Safety Hazard Evaluation in Road, Bridge, Metro, and Oil and Gas Construction

Construction activities across road, bridge, metro, and oil & gas sectors are characterized by high-risk operations involving heavy machinery, complex structural processes, hazardous materials, confined spaces, tunnelling operations, and interactions with dynamic environments. Traditional safety evaluation techniques often fail to capture multi-dimensional risks influenced by human, technical, environmental, and operational factors. This thesis presents an Integrated Analytical Framework combining qualitative hazard identification methods with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) tools for safety hazard evaluation. The approach integrates structured risk classification, expert-based weighting, analytic hierarchy modelling, and ranking methodologies such as AHP–TOPSIS to evaluate safety hazards systematically. Four industrial sector road construction, bridge construction, metro tunnel development, and oil & gas construction—were analyzed based on 42 identified safety hazards across 10 hazard category groups. Results show that equipment-related hazards, working-at-height risks, confined-space risks, underground instability, and hazardous energy/explosion-related risks were ranked highest across sectors. The analysis provides a basis for prioritizing safety actions, improving risk communication, and developing targeted mitigation strategies. This integrated framework supports industry practitioners, contractors, and policymakers in enhancing construction safety performance.