A Systemic Framework for Assessing and Managing University Laboratory Safety: Case Study in Chemical Laboratories

University laboratory safety, particularly in settings involving chemical substances, is characterized by complexity and systemic, making it difficult for traditional safety management methods to effectively address its risks. This study proposes a hybrid model, establishing a comprehensive methodology of “systemic diagnosis–quantitative assessment–targeted intervention” for the periodic evaluation of laboratory safety. The model first applies the System Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) to construct a three-tier control structure of “university, secondary units, laboratories”, systemically identifying safety constraints and potential unsafe control actions (UCAs) to qualitatively diagnose the root causes of system vulnerabilities. Subsequently, the results from STAMP provide the scientific basis for constructing the indicator system of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), while the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) is employed to handle ambiguities in the assessment, enabling the quantitative evaluation of laboratory safety conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the hybrid model was validated using chemistry laboratories in a university. The model not only generated a comprehensive safety score of 89.07 for the laboratories, categorizing it as “generally safe” level, but also precisely identified key weak indicators such as “insufficient safety budget” and “failure to close the loop in hazard rectification.” The model profoundly revealed underlying issues and proposed targeted improvement strategies, offering an innovative theoretical framework and practical tool for university laboratory safety management.