Objective sleep parameters and diurnal blood pressure in concurrent hypertension and type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background Hypertension is a primary cardiovascular complication in type 2 diabetes associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is essential for capturing circadian BP variation, which is closely influenced by sleep. Methods Twenty patients (63.75 ± 4.44 years old, 40% female, duration of T2D: 12.3 ± 6.24 years) underwent ABPM and actigraphy in a free‐living condition. Multi‐day sleep parameters including total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, sleep onset latency and number of awakenings were assessed by wrist actigraphy supplemented with sleep diary, ABPM was measured for 24 h during the sleep assessment period. Associations between parameters and ABPM across total sleep measurement period and the exact date of ABPM measurement were investigated, respectively. Linear regression was conducted for the relationship between objective sleep parameters and ABPM‐derived variables, adjusting for Age, sex, body mass index, duration of diabetes, antidiabetic medication uses and total physical activity MET (min/week). Results Sleep onset latency was associated with 24‐h coefficient of variance of systolic BP (β‐coefficient: 0.323, 95% CI: [0.014, 0.632], p = 0.04). Inter‐day sleep efficiency was inversely associated with SD and CV (SD: β‐coefficient:−0.373, 95% CI: [−0.676, −0.071], p = 0.02; CV: β‐coefficient:−0.588, 95% CI: [−1.141, −0.036], p = 0.04) of diastolic BP.