Seismic Analysis of Hüsrev Pasha Minaret Considering Distinct Transition Segments and Different Stone Materials

This study investigates the seismic behaviour of the Hüsrev Pasha Minaret, a historical masonry structure located in Diyarbakır, Türkiye, characterized by two distinct transition segments and material variation along its height. The dynamic features of the minaret were identified through ambient vibration tests, while material properties were estimated using non-destructive testing methods. A three-dimensional numerical model was then generated and calibrated based on the experimentally identified natural frequencies, achieving an average frequency difference of 2.04%. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted using six earthquake time series scaled to three seismic hazard levels (DD-1, DD-2, and DD-3) defined in the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBEC-2018). The results indicate that the second transition segment is the most critical region in terms of damage concentration. Ground motions corresponding to the DD-1 level led to exceedance of the Collapse Prevention (CP) displacement limits, while DD-2 and DD-3 levels resulted in limited or near-limit responses. In addition, compression-only support conditions were found to influence the base shear response, whereas material transitions between basalt and limestone did not significantly affect the overall seismic behaviour of the minaret.