Microencapsulation: Principles, Techniques, and Emerging Applications — A Review

This review article discusses the fundamental principles, preparation techniques, characterization methods, and emerging applications of microencapsulation technology. The manuscript highlights major microencapsulation methods such as spray drying, coacervation, interfacial polymerization, and ionic gelation, along with their advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is given to recent applications in pharmaceuticals, textiles, coatings, environmental remediation, and corrosion protection. The review also addresses current challenges, sustainability aspects, and future perspectives of multifunctional microencapsulation systems.