Cone Beam Computed Tomography of Bonejaws in Patients With Primary Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This study aimed to investigate the potential of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) parameters to identify primary osteoporosis in jawbones. RECENT FINDINGS: Early diagnosis of osteoporosis is crucial but challenging. Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard to measure bone density, nevertheless it has limitations including cost, radiation dose, and 2D imaging. CBCT is a volumetric imaging technique commonly used in dentistry that showed promise as an alternative tool due to its high spatial resolution and excellent analysis of bone structures. Mandibular and maxillary CBCT indices showed a strong correlation with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) assessed by DXA. Regional indices (Anterior, Molar, and Posterior), quantitative indices (Computed Tomography Mandibular Index, Computed Tomography Index Superior and Inferior), Radiographic Density, Fractal Dimension, and the qualitative index named Computed Tomography Cortical Index seemed appropriate for the detection of primary osteoporosis. Morphometric parameters for trabecular bone did not show differences between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients. Future studies should assess diagnostic accuracy of such CBCT indices and formulate standardized measurement protocols.