Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Early Breast Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Biomarkers

Nanomaterial based biosensor have emerged apromising approach that demonstrates great progress in the diagnosis of breast cancer with increased sensitivity and selectivity compared to conventional detection methods. These nanomaterials may allow for combinatorial detection capabilities that could provide simultaneous identification of multiple biomarkers in order to reach an accurate tumor classification, by using quantum dot imaging and carbon nanotube electrical sensing. However, this field faces challenges that must be addressed before widespread application of clinical. Key among these is the need to standardize methods and protocols to ensure reproducibility and minimize non-specific correlations. Furthermore, ensuring the nanomaterial,s safety and bio-compatibility, as well as the toxicity of a diagnostic methods, are essential elements for their success in future patient care.