Sensitivity of Load‒Velocity Relationship Variables to a Resistance Training Mesocycle

This study examined whether load–velocity (L–V) relationship variables are sensitive indicators of maximal dynamic strength changes across introductory, overload, and taper microcycles. Twenty resistance-trained men completed a three-week back squat and bench press program. One-repetition maximum (1RM) and the two-point L–V relationship (20 kg and ~85% 1RM) were assessed before the introductory microcycle and after each microcycle. Results showed that (i) 1RM, area under the L–V relationship line (Aline), and velocity-axis intercept (v0 ) derived from peak velocity generally increased after taper microcycle compared to earlier post-microcycle assessments (p ≤ 0.046, differences = 2.3‒7.8%); (ii) the overload (coefficient of variation of individual response = 5.1%) and taper (3.8%) microcycles exhibited greater variability compared with the introductory microcycle (2.0%). Variability was lowest for v0 (0%), followed by 1RM and L0 (4.1%), and highest for Aline (5.3%); (iii) Aline derived from mean velocity was the only variable that maintained a significant association with changes in 1RM across exercises and microcycles (r = 0.648‒0.765, p ≤ 0.003). These findings indicate that while short mesocycles elicit substantial inter-individual variability in adaptations, Aline derived from mean velocity offers a practical, fatigue-free method to monitor meaningful maximal strength changes throughout a training cycle.