Mitochondria and Liver Cancer.

The high incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer necessitate in-depth exploration of its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.Mitochondrial dysfunction and its mediated metabolic reprogramming play pivotal roles in liver cancer progression.Studies have indicated that mitochondrial proteins and key metabolic enzymes promote liver cancer progression by modulating reactive oxygen species levels,enhancing apoptosis resistance,and rewiring energy metabolism.Targeted therapies,metabolic interventions,and nanodrug delivery systems show promising efficacy in preclinical studies,though caution is warranted regarding the antagonistic effects of antioxidants on certain targeted agents.Circulating mitochondrial DNA and metabolic gene expression profiles may serve as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of liver cancer.This review summarizes recent advances in these areas,aiming to elucidate the pathogenesis of liver cancer,facilitate the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches,and ultimately improve patient survival outcomes.