GERMINATION RESPONSE OF COMMON BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris) USING GROWTH REGULATORS SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE (SNP), INODLE-3-ACETIC ACID (IAA) AND VITAMIN C

Abstract Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a vital food crop in Nigeria, valued for their rich protein content and contribution to food security. However, challenges in seed germination and early seedling establishment often limit productivity. This study examined the effects of three growth regulators Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), and Vitamin C (Vit C) on the germination, early growth, and field performance of brown and white bean varieties. Seeds were primed with 100, 500, and 1000 ppm concentrations of each regulator, germinated on cotton wool, and later transplanted to nursery and field conditions. Parameters such as germination rate, shoot and root length, root number, biomass, and moisture content were evaluated. Results showed that SNP treatments produced the best overall growth, significantly enhancing germination rate, shoot elongation, and field performance. Vitamin C improved vegetative growth and seedling vigor, while high concentrations of IAA negatively affected germination and early development. The study concludes that moderate SNP concentrations can effectively promote seedling establishment and growth, and recommends further research on long-term yield impacts and varietal responses. These findings provide insight into optimizing bean production through the targeted use of plant growth regulators.