HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE LARYNGEAL MUCOSA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CYPERMETHRIN AND ITS EFFECT ON THE LARYNGEAL MICROSTRUCTURE AND VASCULAR SYSTEM IN LABORATORY ANIMALS

Cypermethrin is a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that may cause toxic effects on the upper respiratory tract, particularly the laryngeal mucosa, after inhalational exposure. Damage to laryngeal tissues can impair respiratory and phonatory functions. This study analyzed histomorphological changes in the laryngeal mucosa based on experimental and literature data. Histological and toxicological findings focused on epithelial degeneration, inflammation, vascular changes, and oxidative stress. Cypermethrin exposure caused epithelial degeneration, destruction of the ciliary apparatus, inflammatory infiltration, stromal edema, vascular dilation, and microcirculatory disturbances. Chronic exposure led to fibrosis and squamous metaplasia. Oxidative stress played a major role in tissue injury. Cypermethrin exerts significant toxic effects on the laryngeal mucosa through inflammatory and degenerative mechanisms. These findings highlight the importance of preventive measures and safety standards during pesticide exposure.