Start-ups as co-creators of circular ecosystems: a systematic review and future research agenda

Purpose Research on circular start-ups is expanding; however, the understanding of key ecosystem-level concepts remains fragmented, and the role of circular start-ups (CSUs) in value co-creation within circular ecosystems has not been explained adequately. This study reviews existing research to (1) clarify how circular start-ups are defined, (2) map the current state of literature on CSUs, and (3) explore how these start-ups contribute to value co-creation in circular ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, guided by thematic and lexical analyses. A total of 75 high-quality articles were selected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, using indexing criteria from the Association of Business Schools and the Australian Business Deans Council. The review followed established protocols to ensure analytical rigor and transparency. Findings Based on our synthesis, we defined circular start-ups. Circular start-ups serve as key players in the transition to a circular economy, working both independently and with other ecosystem actors. Value co-creation is the central mechanism through which circular start-ups enable systemic circular transitions. Originality/value This SLR represents an initial attempt to clarify the emerging phenomenon of CSUs. It contributes to the literature by providing a clear definition and conceptual framework for CSUs, along with a future-oriented research agenda. By exploring this niche area, the study enhances scholarly understanding and creates new research opportunities at the intersection of entrepreneurship and the circular economy.