Genetic architecture of red and yellow plumage variation in domestic pigeon (Columba livia)

In the case of pigeon, ash-red color and its various patterns are very interesting. This ash-red has lots of diversification in the field of Genetics. Some renowned books on pigeons on the basis of these colors suggested dominant red, recessive red, and their dilute yellow coloration for the explanation of reds and yellows in pigeons. Dominant red (BA) is actually ash-red could be homozygous or heterozygous (pure/impure), recessive red (e//e) is always recessive (pure and homozygous recessive), and yellow (d) is a dilute factor. Ruby-red is nothing but only strawberry-eyes, and brick red (solid red/self-red) has no other genetic mutation. After hatching, tip of beak of the squab of red pigeons showed red dot (a remarkable identity of red pigeons). The study highlights epistatic interactions, polygenic modifiers, and sex-linked inheritance as key determinants of plumage diversity.