Investigation of Tick Species and Seasonal Population Dynamics in Sheep, Cattle, and Goats in Ağrı Province, Türkiye

This study examined the distribution and seasonal population dynamics of tick species infesting cattle, sheep, and goats in Ağrı Province, Türkiye. From January to December 2024, 913 hosts were examined, and 545 intact tick samples were collected from 386 infested animals and morphologically identified. The overall sex ratio was 52.7% female and 47.3% male. The identified species included Dermacentor niveus, D. marginatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. turanicus, R. bursa, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hae. sulcata, Hyalomma marginatum, H. anatolicum anatolicum, H. anatolicum excavatum, and H. detritum detritum. Seasonal tick activity peaked in summer (51.7%) and spring (42.9%), with a significant decline in autumn (χ2 = 48.72, df = 3, p < 0.001). No active ticks were observed in winter due to the harsh continental climate. Adult Hyalomma ticks, which are known potential vectors of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), remained active except during winter. The high prevalence of these vector species suggests a need for further investigation into pathogen circulation in the region. This research provides a scientific foundation for integrated vector control and surveillance programs within the One Health framework.