Nurses’ Lived Experiences of Assessing Pain in Hospitalized Children in Indonesia: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study

Gusgus Ghraha Ramdhanie,1,2 Dessie Wanda,3 Nur Agustini,3 Nani Nurhaeni,3 Henny Suzana Mediani,1 Tomy Abuzairi,4 M Agung Akbar,2 Bambang Aditya Nugraha5 1Department of Pediatric and Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 2Doctoral Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia; 4Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia; 5Department of Critical and Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Gusgus Ghraha Ramdhanie, Department of Pediatric and Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, KM. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Fax +62 022 7795596, Email [email protected]: Pediatric pain during hospitalization remains a significant clinical concern. Inadequate and inconsistent pain assessment may lead to suboptimal pain management, negatively affecting children’s comfort, recovery, and overall quality of care.Purpose: This study aimed to explore nurses’ lived experiences in assessing pain among hospitalized children in pediatric wards of a public hospital in Indonesia using a descriptive phenomenological approach.Methods: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was employed. Thirteen pediatric nurses participated in two focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted between March and May 2025 in the pediatric wards of a public hospital in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method to identify the essential meanings and patterns underlying nurses’ experiences in pediatric pain assessment.Results: Four main themes emerged from the analysis: 1) methods and tools for pain assessment, 2) pain assessment implementation, 3) challenges in assessing children’s pain, and 4) nurses’ expectations for system-level support and innovation in pediatric pain assessment.Conclusion: Pediatric pain assessment practices are shaped by the dynamic interaction between organizational structures, individual clinical judgment, and broader system-level support mechanisms. While standardized tools exist, sustaining consistent implementation requires strengthened institutional monitoring, continuous professional development, and improved availability of child-specific resources. Nurses also emphasized the importance of practical and integrated innovations to support clinical workflows and decision-making processes.Keywords: children, hospitalized, pediatric nurses, pain assessment